Ultrasonography

Ocular ultrasonography is a diagnostic method by which the  lens, vitreus, retina and soft tissues around the eye are visualised. Using the reflection of sound waves off tissue, this is a non-invasive, painless, easy-to-apply test which provides information about the posterior segment of the eye, particularly the retina. Evaluation requires experience.When the internal structures of the eye cannot be evaluated because of blurred surroundings such as internal bleeding in cataract, it is a useful method in the diagnosis and monitoring of in retinal detachment, foreign body in the eye or tumours.  Figure 1. B-scan ultrasound image of a healthy individual (left) and a patient diagnosed with dense vitreous hemorrhage (right).
More

Vitrectomy Surgery

Vitrectomy surgeries include cleaning the gel-like material filling the eye (vitreous) and related operations. Vitrectomy is accepted as a treatment method for a number.Figure 1. Fundus photography of a patient treated with the diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy prior to argon laser  (left) and following the treatment (right). The pale white dots on the retinal photograph below are laser spots.of visual diseases. These diseases may include intraocular bleeding, advanced-stage retinopathies due to diabetes, macular hole, macular lines, retinal detachment, intraocular foreign objects, infections after visual surgeries, falling of the lens into the eye, intraocular tumors, and advanced-stage premature retinopathies. The operation is made through three holes opened in the white part of the eye after it is anesthetized or after general anesthesia from the side of the eye.  These three holes are used to inject sterile fluid into the eye, illumination, and to perform the…
More

Glaucoma Treatmens

Disruption to the internal eye fluid or increased resistance to the external flow results in internal pressure more than the eye can tolerate and thereby a group of diseases characterised by irreversible damage to the optic nerve.  In open nagle tyoe glaucoma, the disease gives no indications until the advanced stage at which vision loss develops. The progressive course of the disease is generally slow and initially the patient is not aware of impairments in the field of vision. Figure 1. Filtering bleb of trabeculectomy 12 months after surgery.In acute closed angle type glaucoma the prevention of internal eye fluid circulation results in high levels of internal eye pressure. In these cases, clouded vision, coloured circles around light, severe pain in and around the eye, redness of the eye and nausea and vomiting may be seen. In congenital glaucoma cases, there are findings of watering of the eyes, large diameter cornea and loss of clarity.The risk factors in primary open…
More

Blepharoshalasis Dermatochalases

DEFINITION: It is the loosening and slackening of eyelids because of bulking of eyelids in the form of attacks (blepharoshalasis) or loosening of eyelid tissues due to aging (dermathochalases).CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS: It often occurs due to aging.DIAGNOSIS: Diagnosis is made through physical examination.TREATMENT: Treatment is carried out by surgically removing the slackened skin or removing some of the fat moving forward, if any.Figure 1. External appearance of a patients operated with the diagnosis of dermatochalasis prior to surgery (left) and 1 month following surgery (right).
More

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes is a veinlet disease caused by the increase of blood sugar resulting from the deficiency or ineffectiveness of the insulin hormone secreted from the pancreatic tissue. Type-1 diabetes generally starts before the age of 30 due to insulin deficiency and insulin injections are required. Type-2 diabetes generally starts after the age of 40 due to disorders in insulin production or use in the body. Since diabetes is a systemic disease, it causes problems in a number of organs if not treated and it causes serious problems in the eye, kidney and nerve tissues, which are rich in veins. Diabetic retinopathy is a disease that occurs due to affected veins of the retina, which is the nervous layer and the first point of perceiving vision, from diabetes and that causes blindness if not treated. The risk of having diabetic retinopathy of a 15-year diabetes patient is more than 80%.Figure 1. Fundus photography of a patient treated with the diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy…
More